Add torus.c
This commit is contained in:
Arkaprabha Chakraborty
225
torus.c
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225
torus.c
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#include <math.h>
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#include <stdbool.h>
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <stdlib.h>
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#include <string.h>
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#if defined(_WIN32)
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#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
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#define VC_EXTRALEAN
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#include <Windows.h>
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#define STEP_ROT_X 0.157079633
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#define STEP_ROT_Y 0.078539816
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#define STEP_THETA 0.130899694
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#define STEP_ALPHA 0.065449847
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#elif defined(__linux__)
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#include <sys/ioctl.h>
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#include <unistd.h>
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#define STEP_ROT_X 0.012271846
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#define STEP_ROT_Y 0.006135923
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#define STEP_THETA 0.024543693
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#define STEP_ALPHA 0.016028534
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#endif
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// Clears the terminal
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void clear_terminal() {
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#if defined(_WIN32)
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HANDLE hOut;
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COORD Position;
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hOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
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Position.X = 0;
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Position.Y = 0;
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SetConsoleCursorPosition(hOut, Position);
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#elif defined(__linux__)
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printf("\e[1;1H\e[2J");
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#endif
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}
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// Function allocates memory for the frame buffer
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char **allocate_memory(int term_size) {
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char **array = malloc(term_size * sizeof(char *));
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for (int i = 0; i < term_size; ++i)
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array[i] = malloc(term_size * sizeof(char));
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return array;
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}
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// Function gets the size of the terminal
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int terminal_size() {
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int term_size;
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#if defined(_WIN32)
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CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO c;
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GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), &c);
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int row = (int)(c.srWindow.Bottom - c.srWindow.Top + 1);
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int col = (int)(c.srWindow.Right - c.srWindow.Left + 1);
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term_size = row < col ? row : col;
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#elif defined(__linux__)
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struct winsize w;
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ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &w);
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term_size = w.ws_row < w.ws_col ? (int)w.ws_row : (int)w.ws_col;
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#endif
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return term_size;
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}
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// Function dumps the frame into the terminal
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void dump_frame(char **buffer, int term_size) {
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for (int i = 0; i < term_size; ++i) {
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for (int j = 0; j < term_size; ++j)
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putchar(buffer[i][j]);
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putchar('\n');
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}
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}
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// Function builds the frame and returns the frame buffer
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char **build_frame(char **buffer, int term_size, int i, int screen_dist) {
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float x = i * STEP_ROT_X; // Rotational speed around the x axis
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float y = i * STEP_ROT_Y; // Rotational speed around the y axis
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float cos_x = cos(x), sin_x = sin(x); // Precomputing sines and cosines of x
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float cos_y = cos(y), sin_y = sin(y); // Precomputing sines and cosines of y
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float z_buffer[term_size]
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[term_size]; // Declaring buffer for storing z coordinates
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// Initializing frame buffer and z buffer
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for (int i = 0; i < term_size; ++i)
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for (int j = 0; j < term_size; ++j) {
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buffer[i][j] = ' ';
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z_buffer[i][j] = 0;
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}
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// Loop uses theta to revolve a point around the center of the circle
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// 6.283186 = 2 * Pi = 360°
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for (float theta = 0; theta < 6.283186; theta += STEP_THETA) {
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// Precomputing sines and cosines of theta
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float cos_theta = cos(theta), sin_theta = sin(theta);
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// Loop uses alpha to revolve the circle around the center of the torus
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for (float alpha = 0; alpha < 6.283186; alpha += STEP_ALPHA) {
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// Precomputing sines and cosines of alpha
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float cos_alpha = cos(alpha), sin_alpha = sin(alpha);
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// Calculating the x and y coordinates of the circle before the
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// revolution
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float circle_x = 2 + 1 * cos_theta, circle_y = 1 * sin_theta;
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// Calculating the x and y coordinates after the revolution
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float x =
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circle_x * (cos_y * cos_alpha + sin_x * sin_y * sin_alpha) -
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circle_y * cos_x * sin_y;
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float y =
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circle_x * (sin_y * cos_alpha - sin_x * cos_y * sin_alpha) +
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circle_y * cos_x * cos_y;
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// Calculating z
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float z = 5 + cos_x * circle_x * sin_alpha + circle_y * sin_x;
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// Calculating the inverse of z
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float z_inv = 1 / z;
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// Calculating x and y coordinates of the 2D projection
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int x_proj = term_size / 2 + screen_dist * z_inv * x;
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int y_proj = term_size / 2 - screen_dist * z_inv * y;
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// Calculating luminous intensity
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float lumi_int =
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cos_alpha * cos_theta * sin_y - cos_x * cos_theta * sin_alpha -
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sin_x * sin_theta +
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cos_y * (cos_x * sin_theta - cos_theta * sin_x * sin_alpha);
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/* Checking if surface is pointing away from the point of view
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* Also checking if the point is closer than any other point
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* previously plotted
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*/
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if (lumi_int > 0 && z_inv > z_buffer[x_proj][y_proj]) {
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z_buffer[x_proj][y_proj] = z_inv;
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// Bringing the value of luminance between 0 to 11
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int lumi_idx = lumi_int * 8;
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/* Storing an appropriate character that represents the correct
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* amount of luminance
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*/
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buffer[x_proj][y_proj] = ".,-~:;=!*#$@"[lumi_idx];
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}
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}
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}
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// Returning the frame buffer
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return buffer;
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}
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int main(int argc, char **argv) {
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bool dyna = false, limit = false;
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int frames = 0;
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if (argc > 1) {
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if (strcmp(argv[1], "-h") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0) {
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printf("Usage: torus [OPTION]...\n\
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Puts a spinning ASCII torus on the terminal.\n\
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\n\
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Options:\n\
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-f, --frames number of frames to be rendered\n\
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-d, --dynamic enables dynamic resolution\n\
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-h, --help displays this help screen\n\
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\n\
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Examples:\n\
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torus --help displays this help screen\n\
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torus -f 1024 renders 1024 frames\n\
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torus --frames 512 -d renders 512 frames with dynamic resolution enabled\n\
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torus --dynamic -f 256 renders 256 frames with dynamic resolution enabled\n\
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\n\
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Copyright (c) 2021 Arkaprabha Chakraborty\n");
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return 0;
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} else {
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for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
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if (strcmp(argv[i], "-f") == 0 ||
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strcmp(argv[i], "--frames") == 0 && i + 1 < argc) {
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limit = true;
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frames = atoi(argv[i + 1]);
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} else if (strcmp(argv[i], "-d") == 0 ||
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strcmp(argv[i], "--dynamic") == 0) {
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dyna = true;
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}
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}
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}
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}
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int term_size = 0, screen_dist = 0;
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char **buffer = NULL;
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if (dyna) {
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// Loop rotates the torus around both the axes
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for (int i = 0; !limit || i < frames; ++i) {
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if (i % 32 == 0 && term_size - terminal_size() != 0) {
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// Allocating memory to the frame buffer according to terminal
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// size
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term_size = terminal_size();
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buffer = allocate_memory(term_size);
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// Calculation screen distance based on terminal size
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screen_dist = term_size * 5 * 3 / (8 * (1 + 2));
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}
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// Building, dumping and clearing the frame into the terminal
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buffer = build_frame(buffer, term_size, i, screen_dist);
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dump_frame(buffer, term_size);
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clear_terminal();
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}
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} else if (!dyna) {
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// Allocating memory to the frame buffer according to terminal size
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int term_size = terminal_size();
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char **buffer = allocate_memory(term_size);
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// Calculation screen distance based on terminal size
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screen_dist = term_size * 5 * 3 / (8 * (1 + 2));
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for (int i = 0; !limit || i < frames; ++i) {
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// Building, dumping and clearing the frame into the terminal
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buffer = build_frame(buffer, term_size, i, screen_dist);
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dump_frame(buffer, term_size);
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clear_terminal();
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}
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}
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return 0;
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}
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